International Nuclear Science Olympiad
” Together we generate the energy of the future “
” Together we generate the energy of the future “
First in oil production and reserves, fifth in natural gas reserves, ninth in natural gas production. Finally, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia receives thousands of pilgrims annually to perform the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca and Medina, which has compelled the state to provide sufficient housing, food, and medical care to accommodate this enormous number.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is located in the far southwest of the Asian continent, bordered to the west by the Red Sea, to the east by the Arabian Gulf, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and the State of Qatar, to the north by the State of Kuwait, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and the Republic of Iraq, and to the south by the Sultanate of Oman and the Republic of Yemen.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia occupies four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula, with an area estimated at more than 2,250,000 square kilometers.
The Kingdom's terrain is diverse due to its vast area. Along the Red Sea lies the Tihama coastal plain, approximately 1,100 kilometers long, widening to 60 kilometers in the south and narrowing as it extends northward towards the Gulf of Aqaba. To the east of this plain rises the towering Sarawat Mountains, whose elevation ranges from 9,000 feet in the south, gradually decreasing to 3,000 feet as it moves northward. Large valleys descend from these mountains, running east and west, such as Wadi Jazan, Wadi Najran, Wadi Tathlith, Wadi Bishah, Wadi Al-Hamd, Wadi Al-Rummah, Wadi Yanbu, and Wadi Fatimah. To the east of this mountain range lies the Najd plateau and its highlands, which end in the east with the Ad-Dahna sand dunes and the As-Summan desert, and in the south with a region intersected by Wadi Ad-Dawasir, bordering the Rub' Al-Khali desert. To the north, the Najd plains extend to the Hail region, connecting with the Great An-Nafud desert and then to the borders of Iraq and Jordan. The region also contains some mountainous areas, such as the Tuwaiq, Al-Aridh, and Aja mountains. Salma, while the Rub' al Khali desert forms the southeastern part of the Kingdom and is a large desert region estimated at 640,000 square kilometers, consisting of sand dunes and salt flats. The eastern coastal plain, which is about 610 kilometers long, consists of salt flats and sandy areas.
Industry in Saudi Arabia is closely linked to oil and natural gas: refining and petrochemicals. Key industrial products include cement, tar, steel bars, ethylene, animal feed, ethylene glycol, industrial ethanol, ethylene dichloride, stearin, caustic soda, nitrogen, citric acid, oxygen, and melamine. There is also seawater desalination and food processing. Desalination of seawater consumes approximately 100 million cubic meters of water annually. This is insignificant compared to the 9,500 million cubic meters of groundwater supplied annually, which is used by agriculture. Simultaneously, the Kingdom is experiencing significant growth in the agri-food and consumer goods industries, which are driven by private capital.
First in oil production and reserves, fifth in natural gas reserves, ninth in natural gas production. Finally, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia receives thousands of pilgrims annually to perform the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca and Medina, which has compelled the state to provide sufficient housing, food, and medical care to accommodate this enormous number.
The flag of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is rectangular in shape, its width equal to two-thirds of its length. Its background is green, and in the center is the Shahada (There is no god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God) in Thuluth script. Below it is an Arab sword with its hilt pointing towards the flagpole, drawn in white. It must not be flown upside down or allowed to touch the ground or water, out of respect for the Shahada inscribed upon it.
The emblem of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia consists of two crossed, curved Arab swords surmounted by a palm tree. The swords symbolize strength, resilience, and sacrifice, while the palm tree symbolizes vitality, growth, and prosperity.
The basic unit of the Kingdom's currency is the Saudi Riyal, which is backed by gold and freely convertible to foreign currencies. It is equal to 100 halalas. The currency denominations are: paper notes: 1 Riyal, 5 Riyals, 10 Riyals, 20 Riyals, 50 Riyals, 100 Riyals, 200 Riyals, and 500 Riyals; coins: 1 Riyal, 50 Halalas, 25 Halalas, 10 Halalas, and 5 Halalas. The US dollar is equivalent to 3.75 Riyals (three Riyals and seventy-five Halalas).
The Kingdom uses the metric system for measurement, and the kilogram for weight.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia officially adopts the Hijri calendar in its history, which is based on the migration of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, from Mecca to Medina. The Hijri lunar year is 354 days divided into twelve lunar months.
The official holidays in the Kingdom are as follows:
The city of Mecca is located at latitude 21°27' and longitude 39°49'. It is the capital of the Mecca region and contains the Holy Kaaba, the Grand Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), the direction of prayer (Qibla) for Muslims, the Station of Abraham (Maqam Ibrahim), the Holy Sites (Mina, Arafat, and Muzdalifah), Umm Al-Qura University, and the headquarters of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Medina is located in the northwest of the Kingdom at latitude 24°28' north and longitude 36°39' east. It is the capital of the Medina region and contains the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid an-Nabawi), the tomb of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the Islamic University, and the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Qur'an. .
The city of Riyadh is located almost in the center of the Arabian Peninsula, at latitude 24°42' and longitude 46°42'. It is the seat of the Riyadh Region and the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It houses all the ministries, embassies, and foreign consulates, Al-Yamamah Palace, the Shura Council, the Conference Palace, King Khalid International Airport, King Fahd International Stadium, the Television Complex, the Diplomatic Quarter, King Saud University, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, the Qasr al-Hukm (Justice Palace) area, King Fahd Security College, King Abdulaziz Military College, King Faisal Air College, the Specialist Hospital, King Khalid University Hospital, King Khalid Eye Hospital, and King Fahd National Guard Hospital.
The city of Abha is located in the Asir region at latitude 18°14' and longitude 24°30'. It is the capital of the Asir region and boasts some of the Kingdom's most important summer resorts. It is a major tourist destination and has witnessed significant development in this sector. Abha Airport connects it to other airports in the Kingdom. Other attractions include Asir National Park, Al-Soudah, Dalghan, Al-Qaraa, Al-Hadaba, Al-Sahab, and Wadi Al-Mahala.
The city of Dammam is located in the Eastern Province at latitude 26°30' and longitude 50°6'. It is the capital of the Eastern Province. The region is famous for its oil fields and is home to the headquarters of Saudi Aramco, Jubail Industrial City, King Abdulaziz Seaport, the Saudi Railways Organization, King Fahd Park, King Fahd International Airport, Dammam Corniche, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, King Faisal University, and the Air Force Institute.
Jeddah is the commercial center of Saudi Arabia, served by a modern seaport and a sophisticated international airport. It is one of the major cities that receive pilgrims and Umrah performers coming to Mecca. It is distinguished by its unique architectural landmarks, including buildings inspired by traditional Islamic architecture. Jeddah's history dates back more than three thousand years. It was known in ancient times as a rest stop for fishermen on the Red Sea coast. It is considered the gateway to Mecca and is famous for its wide and beautiful Corniche overlooking the Red Sea.
Riyadh City Guide including events and tourist attractions in both Arabic and English:
Arabic: https://visitsaudi.aflip.in/0e91499e84.html English: https://visitsaudi.aflip.in/0ac5c3e989.html
Spirit of Saudi Arabia Comprehensive link for all events in the Kingdom during the summer:
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